Measurement of Serum Stromelysin-2 Level in Iraqi Patients with Subclinical and Clinical Hypothyroidism

Rand M. Ibraheem; Rana A. Hamdi; Satar M. Kadam

doi:10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6612177

Authors

Rand M. Ibraheem Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8751-4025
Rana A. Hamdi Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad- Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2950-2755
Satar M. Kadam Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6612177

Keywords:

Anthropometric measurement, Hypothyroidism, Obesity, Stromelysin-2, Subclinical atherosclerosis

Abstract

Background: Hypothyroidism is a medical condition characterized by increased levels of thyroid stimulating hormone and normal or decreased levels of thyroid hormones. This condition may contribute to dyslipidemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment, neuromuscular dysfunction and infertility. Several factors that increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, such as metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia, are related to obesity. Stromelysin-2, also known as matrix metalloproteinase-10, is an enzyme produced by cells that breaks down the extracellular matrix in various tissues, including blood vessels.

Objective: To assess the levels of serum stromelysin-2 in patients with subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism and compare them with healthy controls. Additionally, to determine the relationship between serum stromelysin-2 levels and the anthropometric measures.

Methods: A case control study was conducted with 130 Iraqi individuals divided into three groups. The study aimed to measure serum stromelysin-2 and anthropometric parameters such as body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. To differentiate between more than two independent means the ANOVA test was used for blood investigations.

Result: The study found that clinical and subclinical hypothyroid patients had significant higher mean body mass index (P = 0.001), waist circumference (P = 0.001), waist to hip ratio (P = 0.001), and serum stromelysin-2 (P = 0.001) compared to healthy control. Among patients with clinical hypothyroidism group, there were positive correlations between serum stromelysin-2 and body mass index (r = 0.413, p = 0.005), waist circumference (r = 0.406, p = 0.006), and waist to hip ratio (r = 0.367, p = 0.013).

Conclusion: It has been observed that patients suffering from clinical and subclinical hypothyroid patients tend to have a higher body weight, as measured by their body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio. This may indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, such patients have been found to have high levels of stromelysin-2, a protein that is believed to be indicative of early atherosclerosis in blood vessels. This suggests that stromelysin-2 could potentially be used as a marker for predicting cardiovascular disease in hypothyroid patients.

Graphical Abstract

Received: Jul,, 2023

Accepted: Dec 2023

Published: Aprl.2024

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Rand M. Ibraheem, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Rana A. Hamdi, Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad- Iraq

Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad- Iraq
Satar M. Kadam, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

References

Maksimovic M, Vlajinac H, Radak D, Marinkovic J, Maksimovic J, Jorga J. Association of overweight and obesity with cardiovascular risk factors in patients with atherosclerotic diseases. Journal of Medical Biochemistry. 2020 Jan 1;39(2):215. https://doi.org/10.2478/jomb-2019-0027.

Ali EA, Abdul Hussein HK, Tahssen YH. Estimation of Serum Copper, Manganese, Selenium, and Zinc in Hypothyroid Patients. JFacMedBagdad [Internet]. 2008 Jul. 1 [cited 2023 Jul. 5];50(2):255-60..https://iqjmc.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/19JFacMedBaghdad36/article/view/1291

Fadhil NM. Evaluation of serum Podocalyxin in Iraqi women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad. 2022;64(4):276-9. https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6441983

Powell-Wiley TM, Poirier P, Burke LE, Després JP, Gordon-Larsen P, Lavie CJ, Lear SA, Ndumele CE, Neeland IJ, Sanders P, St-Onge MP. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2021 May 25;143(21): e984-1010. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000973.

Qadir M, M. Weli S. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors among secondary school pupils in Sulaimani city Kurdistan-Iraq. A cross-sectional study. JFacMedBagdad. 2023 Jul. 1 [cited 2023Jul. [3];65(2).https://iqjmc.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/19JFacMedBaghdad36/article/view/2050.

Jasim, B. H., Ali, E. H. Isolation, Extraction, Purification, and Characterization of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Estimation of the Molecular Weight of the Enzyme. Archives of Razi Institute, 2021; 76(4): 809-820. https://doi: 10.22092/ari.2021.355745.1716

Olejarz W, Łacheta D, Kubiak-Tomaszewska G. Matrix metalloproteinases as biomarkers of atherosclerotic plaque instability. International journal of molecular sciences. 2020 May 31;21(11):3946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21113946.

Chuliá-Peris L, Carreres-Rey C, Gabasa M, Alcaraz J, Carretero J, Pereda J. Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in pulmonary fibrosis: EMMPRIN/CD147 comes into play. International journal of molecular sciences. 2022 Jun 21;23(13):6894.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23136894

Adam CA, Șalaru DL, Prisacariu C, Marcu DT, Sascău RA, Stătescu C. Novel biomarkers of atherosclerotic vascular disease—Latest insights in the research field. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022 Apr 30;23(9):4998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094998

Lin J, Kakkar V, Lu X. Impact of matrix metalloproteinases on atherosclerosis. Current drug targets. 2014 Apr 1;15(4):442-53. https://doi.org/10.2174/1389450115666140211115805

Kudelski J, Młynarczyk G, Gudowska-Sawczuk M, Mroczko B, Darewicz B, Bruczko-Goralewska M, Sobolewski K, Romanowicz L. Enhanced Expression but Decreased Specific Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase 10 (MMP-10) in Comparison with Matrix Metalloproteinase 3 (MMP-3) in Human Urinary Bladder Carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2021 Aug 19;10(16):3683. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10163683

Takada A, Shimizu F, Ishii Y, Ogawa M, Takao T. Foods Intakes and Their Influences on BMI (Body Mass Index) in Young and Middle Aged Women in Japan. Food and Nutrition. 2022 Apr 12; 13:349-57. https://doi.org/10.4236/fns.2022.134026

Brown DE. Human biological diversity. Routledge; 2019 Dec 9. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315177861

Cao Q, Yu S, Xiong W, Li Y, Li H, Li J, Li F. Waist-hip ratio as a predictor of myocardial infarction risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine. 2018Jul;97(30). https://doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000011639.

Saif A, Mousa S, Assem M, Tharwat N, Abdelhamid A. Endothelial dysfunction and the risk of atherosclerosis in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism. Endocrine connections. 2018 Oct 1;7(10):1075-80. https://doi.org/10.1530/EC-18-0194.

Azeem MA, Siddiqui R, Khan N, Siddiqui MY. OBESITY INDICATORS AND CARDIOVASCULAR PARAMETERS IN OBESE AND NON-OBESE SUBJECTS. Pakistan Journal of Physiology. 2013 Jun 30; 9(1):20-5. http://pjp.pps.org.pk/index.php/PJP/article/view/322

Amin MK, Ali AI, Elsayed H. Impact of weight reduction on thyroid function and nonalcoholic fatty liver among Egyptian adolescents with obesity. International Journal of Endocrinology. 2022 Mar 29;2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7738328

Luaibi NM, Mohammed RA. Physiological and Hormonal Effects of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles on Thyroid Function and the Impact on Bodyweight in Male Rats. Baghdad Science Journal. 2023 1;20(2):0416.http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2022.3683.

Mahdi HS, Sudek HL, Salman AH. Effect of thyroid dysfunction on hemoglobin A1c in polycystic ovary patients during ovulation induction trials. JFacMedBagdad [Internet]. 2014 Jul. 1 [cited 2023 Jul. 3];56(2):211-5. Available from: https://iqjmc.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/19JFacMedBaghdad36/article/view/472

Zhang S, Wu Y, Pan W, Li G, Zhang D, Li S, Huang Q, Liu ZM. Free-triiodothyronine to free-thyroxine ratio mediated the effect of prepregnancy body mass index or maternal weight gain during early pregnancy on gestational diabetes mellitus. Endocrine Practice. 2022 Apr 1;28(4):398-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eprac.2021.12.016.

van der Heijden CD, Ter Horst R, van den Munckhof IC, Schraa K, de Graaf J, Joosten LA, Danser AJ, Netea MG, Deinum J, Rutten J, Riksen NP. Vasculometabolic and inflammatory effects of aldosterone in obesity. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2020 Aug;105(8):2719-31. https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa356.

Adam CA, Șalaru DL, Prisacariu C, Marcu DT, Sascău RA, Stătescu C. Novel biomarkers of atherosclerotic vascular disease—Latest insights in the research field. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022 Apr 30;23(9):4998. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23094998.

Chen CY, Tsai MM, Chi HC, Lin KH. Biological significance of a thyroid hormone-regulated secretome. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Proteins and Proteomics. 2013 Nov 1;1834(11):2271-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbapap.2013.02.016

Rastogi T, Girerd N, Lamiral Z, Bresso E, Bozec E, Boivin JM, Rossignol P, Zannad F, Ferreira JP. Impact of smoking on cardiovascular risk and premature ageing: Findings from the STANISLAS cohort. Atherosclerosis. 2022 Apr 1; 346:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.02.017