Antibacterial Effect of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Medicago Sativa on Escherichia coli in Urinary Tract Infections

Alaa Gh. Ahmed; Mohammed Q. Al-Atrakji; Wifaq M. Al-Wattar

doi:10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512008

Authors

Alaa Gh. Ahmed Department of Pharmacology, College, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2708-1632
Mohammed Q. Al-Atrakji Unit of Infectious and Clinical Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5047-5854
Wifaq M. Al-Wattar Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512008

Keywords:

Keywords: Escherichia coli, Ethyl acetate fraction, Medicago sativa extract, UTIs

Abstract

Background: One of the most dominant bacterial infections is urinary tract infection (UTI), both in the community and in the hospital settings Since drug resistance become one of the predominant problems of health worldwide, it is necessary to use new methods to overcome drug-resistant bacteria. In this regard, medicinal plants (Medicago sativa ) are considered one of the richest sources to produce antibiotics.

Aim of the study: evaluate the antibacterial effect of the fraction of ethyl acetate of Medicago Sativa extract against Escherichia Coli isolated from urine samples of patients with urinary tract infections.

Material and methods: throughout this study 85 urine samples were taken from patients attending one of the hospitals in Iraq's Medical City complex, the study was conducted between December 2021 and May 2022, Semi-quantitative culture techniques were used to culture the urine samples, and conventional microbiological methods were used to identify the bacteria. the Kirby-Bauer Disk diffusion method was used for testing antibiotic susceptibility. The antibacterial effect of Medicago Sativa was tested by preparing Medicago sativa crude extract in 85 percent ethanol in the soxhlet apparatus. The extract is then fractionated into ethyl acetate fraction, then the effectiveness against uropathogenic E. coli was tested at various concentrations (25 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, and 75 mg/ml).

Result: 60% of the population was female compared to 40% of the male in UTI patients with E.coli. Concerning age, the majority of study participants (20–39 years) were under 40 years old (56.7%), and all isolates show complete meropenem sensitivity. The extracts from Medicago Sativa showed significant antibacterial activity against E.Coli.

Conclusion: Medicago sativa extracts have excellent potential as an antibacterial agent against uropathogenic E. coli, according to the current investigation findings.

Keywords: Escherichia coli, Ethyl acetate fraction, Medicago sativa extract, UTIs

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AlSarray SA, Al Aubydi MA, Tothli KJ. Relation Between Aerobic Bacteria, IFN-γ, TNF-α and Miscarriage in Sample of Iraqi Women. Iraqi Journal of Science. 2019:43-9.

Lagha R, Ben Abdallah F, Al-Sarhan BO, Al-Sodany Y. Antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory activity of medicinal plant essential oils against Escherichia coli isolated from UTI patients. Molecules. 2019;24(6):1161.

Lüthje P, Brauner A. Novel strategies in the prevention and treatment of urinary tract infections. Pathogens. 2016;5(1):13.

Carroll KC, Butel J, Morse S. Jawetz melnick and adelbergs medical microbiology 27 E: McGraw-Hill Education; 2015.

Robinson JL, Le Saux N. Management of urinary tract infections in children in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance. Expert review of anti-infective therapy. 2016;14(9):809-16.

Flores-Mireles AL, Walker JN, Caparon M, Hultgren SJ. Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nature reviews microbiology. 2015;13(5):269-84.

Liya SJ, Siddique R. Determination of antimicrobial activity of some commercial fruit (apple, papaya, lemon and strawberry) against bacteria causing urinary tract infection. European Journal of Microbiology and Immunology. 2018;8(3):95-9.

Ali MS. In vivo antimicrobial inhibition of Punica granatum extracts as mouthwash. Russian Open Medical Journal. 2017;6(4):403.

Ehsan K, Ehsan O, Armin O, Vahid O, Rudi H, Hani N. Insight into the functional and medicinal properties of Medicago sativa (Alfalfa) leaves extract. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 2013;7(7):290-7.

Abood MA, Kadhim EJ. Phytochemical Investigation of Some Active Components in Iraqi Conyza canadensis (Syn. Erigeron canadensis). 2021.

Ghalib SA, Kadhim EJ. The Investigation of Some Phytochemical Compounds Found in Anchusa strigosa L. Grown Naturally in Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (P-ISSN: 1683-3597, E-ISSN: 2521-3512). 2021;30(1):179-88.

Mubarak KI. Effect of pomegranate peel extract and Thyme leaves extract on growth of Escherichia coli isolated from infant diarrhea. Zanco Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences. 2021;33(s1):103-10.

Debalke D, Birhan M, Kinubeh A, Yayeh M. Assessments of antibacterial effects of aqueous-ethanolic extracts of Sida rhombifolia’s aerial part. The Scientific World Journal. 2018;2018.

Srinivasan D, Nathan S, Suresh T, Perumalsamy PL. Antimicrobial activity of certain Indian medicinal plants used in folkloric medicine. Journal of ethnopharmacology. 2001;74(3):217-20.

Bora KS, Sharma A. Evaluation of antioxidant and cerebroprotective effect of Medicago sativa Linn. against ischemia and reperfusion insult. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2011;2011.

Bora KS, Sharma A. Phytochemical and pharmacological potential of Medicago sativa: A review. Pharmaceutical biology. 2011;49(2):211-20.

Cornara L, Xiao J, Burlando B. Therapeutic potential of temperate forage legumes: a review. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2016;56(sup1):S149-S61.

Rafińska K, Pomastowski P, Wrona O, Górecki R, Buszewski B. Medicago sativa as a source of secondary metabolites for agriculture and pharmaceutical industry. Phytochemistry Letters. 2017;20:520-39.

Yadav K, Prakash S. Screening of ESBL producing multidrug resistant E. coli from urinary tract infection suspected cases in southern Terai of Nepal. J Infect Dis Diagn. 2017;2(2):116.

Vasudevan R. Urinary tract infection: an overview of the infection and the associated risk factors. J Microbiol Exp. 2014;1(2):00008.

Dash M, Padhi S, Mohanty I, Panda P, Parida B. Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens causing urinary tract infections in a rural community of Odisha, India. Journal of family & community medicine. 2013;20(1):20.

Polse R, Yousif S, Assafi M. Prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic E. coli among people in Zakho, Iraq. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 2016;4(4):1219-23.

Khan S, Jan G, Bibi H, Sher J, Ullah S, Abidullah S. Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of the Cichorium intybus (Familyasteraceae) and Medicago sativa (Familyfabaceae) Peshawar. Pakistan J Pharmacognosy Phytochem. 2018;7(3):603-16.

Bhalodia NR, Shukla V. Antibacterial and antifungal activities from leaf extracts of Cassia fistula l.: An ethnomedicinal plant. Journal of advanced pharmaceutical technology & research. 2011;2(2):104.

Weli TA, Mohammed AT. Effect of ginger extract on Mutans streptococci in comparison to chlorhexidine gluconate. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry. 2013;25(2):179-84.

JOY GSJGS, GEORGE PGDP. Antimicrobial screening of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in various bacterial strains. International Journal of Pharmaceutics and Drug Analysis. 2014:65-9.

Cushnie TT, Lamb AJ. Recent advances in understanding the antibacterial properties of flavonoids. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2011;38(2):99-107.

Kareem MWA. THE COMBINATION EFFECT OF NASTURTIUM OFFICINALE (WATERCRESS) EXTRACTS AND CALCIUM HYDROXIDE AGAINST Enterococcus faecalis AND Candida albicans ISOLATED FROM ROOT CANAL (IN VITRO STUDY): University of Baghdad; 2021.

Chegini H, Oshaghi M, Boshagh MA, Foroutan P, Jahangiri AH. Antibacterial effect of Medicago sativa extract on the common bacterial in sinusitis infection. International Journal of Biomedicine and Public Health. 2018;1(1):1-5.