High Serum High Mobility Group A1 (HMGA1) Levels are associated with Presence of Metabolic Syndrome: Case-Control Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6512036Keywords:
ELISA, HMGA1 protein, Iraqi population, Metabolic syndrome,, Type 2 DM.Abstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a complex series of metabolic defects characterized by high levels of serum glucose, hypertension, abdominal obesity, and dyslipidemia. The high mobility group AT-hook1, an architectural transcript factor, affects the homeostasis of glucose. No previous studies have been performed to examine whether HMGA1 can be secreted into the extracellular milieu.
Objectives: this case-control study aimed to examine whether HMGA1 secretes into the extracellular milieu and compare its serum level in two groups of metabolic syndromes (with and without diabetes) and a control group composed of apparently healthy individuals of Iraqi population with different nationalities.
Patients and Methods: Sixty-one patients with metabolic syndrome and thirty healthy Iraqi participants included in this study. Serum HMGA1 concentrations were determined by enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (ELISA). Lipid profile, serum (glucose and insulin), HbA1c, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, body mass index, and waist circumference were also measured. The statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS software for Windows version 26.0.
Results: A significant difference in HMGA1 level was seen (P = 0.000) between metabolic syndrome with diabetes, metabolic syndrome without diabetes and control group. Higher concentrations were seen in metabolic syndrome patients with diabetes, followed by metabolic syndrome patients without diabetes and then the control group, and no significant difference was seen in the serum level based on nationality. Significant positive correlation was found between HMGA1 and fasting blood glucose (p = 0.001) as well as between HMGA1 and HbA1c (p= 0.015) in patients with metabolic syndrome. Moreover, there was a significant association between HMGA1 levels and the risk of metabolic syndrome. The risk of metabolic syndrome was found to be increased by a high HMGA1 level, odds ratio (OR), 0.411 (95% CI, 0.208-0.813).
Conclusions: This case-control study found that circulating HMGA1 concentration was significantly higher in Mets, mainly in those with T2DM. Also, the high concentration of HMGA1 was found to present a significant risk of metabolic syndrome regardless of whether diabetes is present or not. Besides HMGA1 serum level was positively correlated with parameters of diabetes including HbA1c and FBG.
Downloads
References
Saklayen MG. The Global Epidemic of the Metabolic Syndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(2):12. doi:10.1007/s11906-018-0812-z.
Alazawi OF, Allawi AAD, Saleh SA. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Baghdad Teaching Hospital. JFacMedBagdad. 2013 Jan. 2 ;54(4):281-6. https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.544708
Jabbar TL, Kasim AA. Association of retinol binding protein- 4 (RBP4) with glycemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and obesity in type 2 diabetic Iraqi patients. Iraqi J Pharm Sci. 2021;29(2):263-70. https://doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss2pp263-270.
Al Maliki A, Lami F, Al Aboudi S. Prevalence and Determinants of Depression among Diabetic Patients,Babel Province, Iraq, 2013-2014. JFacMedBagdad. 2015 Jan.4;56(4):411-6. https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.564558
Fakree NK, Ali SH: Effect of COX-2 Inhibitors Selectivity on Lipid Profile in Hyperlipidemic and Normolipidemic Type 2 Diabetics. Iraqi J. Pharm. Sci. 2009; 18(Suppl): 7-13. https://doi.org/10.31351/vol18issSuppl.pp7-13
Mikhael EM, Hassali MA, Hussain SA, Shawky N. Self-management knowledge and practice of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Baghdad, Iraq: a qualitative study. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. 2018;12:1-17. https://doi.org/10.2147/DMSO.S183776
Kumari R, Kumar S, Kant R. An update on metabolic syndrome: Metabolic risk markers and adipokines in the development of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2019;13(4):2409-2417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.005
Pujals M, Resar L, Villanueva J. HMGA1, Moonlighting Protein Function, and Cellular Real Estate: Location, Location, Location!. Biomolecules. 2021;11(9):1334. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11091334
Vignali R, Marracci S. HMGA Genes and Proteins in Development and Evolution. Int J Mol Sci. 2020;21(2):654. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21020654
Chiefari E, Foti DP, Sgarra R, Pegoraro S, Arcidiacono B, Brunetti FS, et al. Transcriptional Regulation of Glucose Metabolism: The Emerging Role of the HMGA1 Chromatin Factor. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2018;9:357. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2018.00357
Semple RK, Savage DB, Cochran EK, Gorden P, O'Rahilly S. Genetic syndromes of severe insulin resistance. Endocr Rev. 2011;32(4):498-514. doi:10.1210/er.2010-0020. https://doi.org/10.1210/er.2010-0020
Wang H, Qu H, Deng H. Plasma HMGB-1 Levels in Subjects with Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in China. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):e0136564. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136564
Huang PL. A comprehensive definition for metabolic syndrome. Dis Model Mech. 2009;2(5-6):231-237.
https://doi.org/10.1242/dmm.001180
Sahu S. Calculation of VLDL-cholesterol from triglycerides and total cholesterol levels. Biomedicine 2008;28(3)219-221.
Lopez J, Carl AB, Bruns DE. Tietz fundamentals of clinical Chemistry and molecular diagnostics. Indian J Clin Biochem 2015; 30: 243. 7th ed. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-014-0474-9
Schuldenfrei A, Belton A, Kowalski J, et al. HMGA1 drives stem cell, inflammatory pathway, and cell cycle progression genes during lymphoid tumorigenesis. BMC Genomics. 2011;12:549. doi:10.1186/1471-2164-12-549 https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-12-549
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Mirna Faiq
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license..
