The Effect of Emotional Abuse on Periodontal Status and Salivary Resisti
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622220الكلمات المفتاحية:
Child abuse، Periodontal disease، Saliva، Resistin.الملخص
Background: Emotional abuse is a widespread form of child abuse. It is suggested that the adverse outcomes from all forms of abuse mostly result from the emotional impacts. Resistin, a polypeptide high in cysteine, can serve as a valuable biochemical indicator of periodontal tissue damage when detected in the saliva.
Objective: To assess the relationship of emotional abuse with periodontal status and salivary resistin levels.
Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study included 522 intermediate school students aged 13-15 years in Kirkuk/Iraq. Information on emotional abuse was obtained using Glaser criteria which is a self-administered, structured, questionnaire form. The levels of emotional abuse were categorized into mild (score between 24-26), moderate (score between 27-42), and severe (score between 43-72). Periodontal health was assessed by using the community periodontal index (CPI). Non-stimulated saliva was collected and salivary resistin levels were evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
Results: The most common level of abuse was moderate. The largest percentages of participants with dental calculus were observed in moderate (48.2%) and severe (57.5%) abuse groups and the highest mean number of sextants with gingival bleeding was observed in participants who experienced a moderate level of abuse (0.34). While the level of resistin was higher in the mild abuse group (237.06), all of its relationships with the periodontal condition were non-significant.
Conclusion: Emotional abuse affects salivary resistin levels but has no obvious effect on periodontal status. Non-significant correlations were observed between salivary resistin levels and the levels of abuse with periodontal conditions.
التنزيلات
المراجع
Syed SA, Nemeroff CB. Early Life Stress, Mood, and Anxiety Disorders. Chronic Stress. 2017;1. https://doi.org/10.1177/2470547017694461
Brassard MR, Hart SN, Glaser D. Psychological maltreatment: An international challenge to children’s safety and well-being. Child Abuse Negl. 2020;110(Pt 1):104611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104611
Hornor G. Emotional maltreatment. J Pediatr Health Care.2012;26(6):436-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2011.05.004
Glaser D. Emotional abuse and neglect (psychological maltreatment): a conceptual framework. Child Abuse Negl. 2002;26(6-7):697-714. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(02)00342-3
Scholz M, Reske T, Böhmer F, Hornung A, Grabow N, Lang H. In vitro chlorhexidine release from alginate based microbeads for periodontal therapy. PloS One. 2017;12(10):e0185562. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185562
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185562
Del Pinto R, Pietropaoli D, Munoz-Aguilera E, D'Aiuto F, Czesnikiewicz-Guzik M, Monaco A, et al. Periodontitis and Hypertension: Is the Association Causal? High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 2020;27(4):281-289. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40292-020-00392-z
Corridore D, Saccucci M, Zumbo G, Fontana E, Lamazza L, Stamegna C, et al. Impact of Stress on Periodontal Health: Literature Revision. Healthcare (Basel). 2023;11(10):1516 .https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12631
Minhas S, Qian Hui Lim R, Raindi D, Gokhale KM, Taylor J, Bradbury-Jones C, et al. Exposure to domestic abuse and the subsequent risk of developing periodontal disease. Heliyon.
;8(12):e12631.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12631
Buldur B, Büyükkök Ç, Cavalcanti AL. Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions regarding child abuse and neglect among dentists in Turkey. Braz Oral Res. 2022;36:e001. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-3107bor-2022.vol36.0001
Benoist HM, Seck-Diallo A, Diouf A, Yabbre S, Sembene M, Diallo PD. Profile of chronic and aggressive periodontitis among Senegalese. J Periodontal Implant Sci. 2011;41(6):279-84. https://doi.org/10.5051/jpis.2011.41.6.279
Abdulrazzaq N, Radhi NJ, Depression Status in Relation to Gingival Status and Salivary Magnesium Among 17 Years Old Secondary School Female in Baghdad City/Iraq, J Res Med Dent Sci. 2020;8(7):4-8. https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v33i1.2921
Yaseen A, & Talib M. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of depression among elderly patients attending primary health care centers in Diyala Governorate. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad. 2023; 65(2).https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.2034
Mohammed I A, Hamdan AS, Jaber OA, & Abbas GH. Assessment of anxiety and depression status among health care workers from Baghdad post cure from COVID-19. Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad. 2021; 63(3). https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6331835
Ahmed SI, Sudhir KM, Reddy VCS, Kumar RVSK, Srinivasulu G, Deepthi A. Impact of Sense of Coherence on Oral Health among Bus Drivers: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2018;8(2):145-152. https://doi.org/10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_1_18
Chojnowska S, Baran T, Wilińska I, Sienicka P, Cabaj-Wiater I, Knaś M. Human saliva as a diagnostic material. Adv Med Sci. 2018;63(1):185-191.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advms.2017.11.002
Derruau S, Robinet J, Untereiner V, Piot O, Sockalingum GD, Lorimier S. Vibrational Spectroscopy Saliva Profiling as Biometric Tool for Disease Diagnostics: A Systematic Literature. Molecules. 2020;25(18):4142. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184142
Shi Y, Zhu N, Qiu Y, Tan J, Wang F, Qin L, et al. Resistin-like molecules: a marker, mediator and therapeutic target for multiple diseases. Cell Commun Signal. 2023;21(1):18 .https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-022-01032-w
Kirichenko TV, Markina YV, Bogatyreva AI, Tolstik TV, Varaeva YR, Starodubova AV. The Role of Adipokines in Inflammatory Mechanisms of Obesity. Int J Mol Sci. 2022; 29;23(23):14982. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232314982
Askin L, Abus S, Tanriverdi O. Resistin and Cardiovascular Disease: A Review of the Current Literature Regarding Clinical and Pathological Relationships. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2022;18(1):e290721195114. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573403x17666210729101120
Kaminska B, Kurowicka B, Kiezun M, Dobrzyn K, Kisielewska K, Gudelska M, et al. The Role of Adipokines in the Control of Pituitary Functions. Animals (Basel). 2024;14(2):353. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14020353
Behnoush AH, Maroufi SP, Reshadmanesh T, Mohtasham Kia Y, Norouzi M, Mohammadi SM, et al. Circulatory resistin levels in inflammatory bowel disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Gastroenterol. 2024;24(1):107.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-024-03199-7
Taouis M, Benomar Y. Is resistin the master link between inflammation and inflammation-related chronic diseases? Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2021;533:111341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mce.2021.111341
Abdalla MMI. Salivary resistin level and its association with insulin resistance in obese individuals. World J Diabetes. 2021; 15;12(9):1507-1517. https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v12.i9.1507
Ahmed MA, Sabir DA. An assessment of salivary leptin and resistin levels in type two diabetic patients with chronic periodontitis (a comparative study). Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry, 2015, 27.4: 107-114. https://jbcd.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jbcd/article/view/958
Karam TA, Al-Safi KA. An Evaluation of Serum and Salivary Adipokines (Leptin and Resistin) Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease. J Bagh Coll Dent [Internet]. 2015;27(4):119-24. Available from: ttps://jbcd.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jbcd/article/view/960
Bödicker C, Reinckens J, Höfler M, Hoyer J. Is Childhood Maltreatment Associated with Body Image Disturbances in Adulthood? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Child Adolesc Trauma. 2021; 7;15(3):523-538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-021-00379-5
Gustafson B. Adipose tissue, inflammation and atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2010;17(4):332-41. https://doi.org/10.5551/jat.3939
Lehto SM, Elomaa AP, Niskanen L, Herzig KH, Tolmunen T, Viinamäki H, et al. Serum adipokine levels in adults with a history of childhood maltreatment. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012;37(2):217-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.01.016
WHO, Oral Health Survey Basic Methods (4th edition), WHO, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland (1997). WHO Expert Group on Equipment and Materials for Oral Care (EGEMOC). The periodontal probe for use with the community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN). Geneva, World Health Organization,1990 (unpublished document WHO/ORH/EGEMOC/CPITN1990; available on request from Oral Health, World Health Organization, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland). https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&view=download&alias=33452-oral-health-surveys-452&category_slug=school-facilities-water-sanitation-hygiene-practices-8520&Itemid=270&lang=es
Thakur RK, Yadav BK, Sultana R, Afridi SK, Das D, Sahoo SK. Influence of Periodontal Infection as a Possible Risk Factor for Preterm Low Birth Weight. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2020;12(Suppl 1):S613-S618. https://doi.org/10.4103%2Fjpbs.JPBS_73_20
Navazesh M, Kumar SK; University of Southern California School of Dentistry. Measuring salivary flow: challenges and opportunities. J Am Dent Assoc. 2008;139 Suppl:35S-40S. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0353
Ameer SA, Alhuwaizi AF, Saloom HF. Effect of Orthodontic Force on Salivary Levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase Enzyme. Indian Journal of Public Health. 2019; 10.10: 2729. https://doi.org/10.1038/35053000
Almirhij WM, Diab BS. The Impact Of Child Abuse and Neglect on Oral Habit among 10-11 Years Old Primary School Students in Baghdad/Iraq. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2020; 14.4.
Mohammed SM, Diab BS. The impact of depression status on dental caries severity among internally displaced people in Baghdad/Iraq. J Bagh Coll Dent [Internet]. 2019 ;31(1):9-13. https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v31i1.2571
Al-Bazaz NA, Radhi NJ. Depression status in relation to dental caries and salivary C-Reactive Protein among 17 years old secondary school female in Baghdad City/Iraq. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry. 2021; 33.1: 6-11. https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v33i1.2921
Dye HL. Is Emotional Abuse As Harmful as Physical and/or Sexual Abuse?. Journ Child Adol Trauma. 2020;13, 399–407 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-019-00292-y
Foláyan MO, Ramos-Gomez F, Fatusi OA, Nabil N, Lyimo GV, Minja IK, et al. Child dental neglect and legal protections: a compendium of briefs from policy reviews in 26 countries and a special administrative region of China. Front Oral Health. 2023;4:1211242.https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2023.1211242
Girgla JK, Mahadeva S, Srivastava M, Sharma L, Kedia S, Singh SS. Exploring the Connection Between Domestic Violence and Masticatory Outcomes in the Pediatric Population: A Systematic Review. Cureus. 2023; 9;15(10):e46764. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.46764
Vigu A, Stanciu D. When the fear of dentist is relevant for more than one’s oral health. A structural equation model of dental fear, self-esteem, oral-health-related well-being, and general well-being. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2019; 25;13:1229-1240. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s209068
Levandowski ML, Viola TW, Tractenberg SG, Teixeira AL, Brietzke E, Bauer ME, et al. Adipokines during early abstinence of crack cocaine in dependent women reporting childhood maltreatment. Psychiatry Res. 2013;210(2):536-40.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.07.007
Permoda-Pachuta A, Malewska-Kasprzak M, Skibińska M, Rzepski K, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M. Changes in Adipokine, Resitin, and BDNF Concentrations in Treatment-Resistant Depression after Electroconvulsive Therapy. Brain Sci. 2023;22;13(10):1358. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13101358
Lehto SM, Huotari A, Niskanen L, Tolmunen T, Koivumaa-Honkanen H, Honkalampi K, et al. Serum adiponectin and resistin levels in major depressive disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2010;121(3):209-15.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2009.01463.x
Kamil MA, Peeran SW, Basheer SN, Elhassan A, Alam MN, Thiruneervannan M. Role of Resistin in Various Diseases with Special Emphasis on Periodontal and Periapical Inflammation–A Review. Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences.2023; 15(Suppl 1), S31-S35. DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_655_22
التنزيلات
منشور
إصدار
القسم
الرخصة
الحقوق الفكرية (c) 2024 Qabas F. Sami, Ban S. Diab
هذا العمل مرخص بموجب Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
كيفية الاقتباس
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license..
