مزايا الجمع بين التخدير الموضعي والعام في جراحة العيون عند الاطفال

Deb K, Subramaniam R, Dehran M, Tandon R, Shende D. Safety and efficacy of peribulbar block as adjuvant to general anaesthesia for paediatric ophthalmic surgery. Paediatric Anaesthesia 2001; 11:161-7. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2001.00623.x

Kumar C, ‎Dodds C, ‎Gayer S. Oxford Specialist Handbooks in Anaesthesia Ophthalmic Anaesthesia 2012, p. 189-224.

https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199591398.001.0001

Subramaniam R, Subbarayudu S, Rewari V, Singh R, Madan R. Usefulness of pre-emptive peribulbar block in pediatric viteroretinal surgery: a prospective study. Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 2003; 28:437.

https://doi.org/10.1053/rapm.2003.50032

Breijo Marquez FR. Abnormal Heart Rhythms. 2015;97:105. https://doi.org/10.5772/59212

Hahnenkamp K, Honemann CW, Fischer LG, Durieux ME, Muehlendyck H, Braun et al. Effect of different anaesthetic regimes on the oculo-cardiac reflex during paediatric strabismus surgery. Paediatr Anaesth. 2000; 10:601-8.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.2000.00588.x

Gilani MT, Sharifi M, Najafi MN, Mashhadi MGE. Oculo-cardiac reflex during strabismus surgery. Reviews in. Clinical Medicine. 2016; 3:4-7. https://doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.002

Bietti OB. Problems of anesthesia in strabismus surgery. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 1966; 6:727-37.

https://doi.org/10.1097/00004397-196600630-00022

Chowdhury T, ‎Schaller B, Koerbe A. Functional Consequences of the Trigemino-cardiac Reflex 2015; 14:169:213.

https://doi.org/10.1097/ANA.0000000000000065

Smith RB, Douglas H, Petruscak J. The oculo-cardiac reflex and sino-atrial arrest. Can Anaesth Soc J. 2002; 19:138-42.

https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03005043

Sadhasivam S, Shende D, Madan R. Prophylactic ondansetron in prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting following pediatric strabismus surgery: a dose response study. Anesthesiology 2000; 92:1035-42.

https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200004000-00021

Watcha MF. The cost/effective management of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Anesthesiology 2000; 92:931-3.

https://doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200004000-00007

Wolf R, Morinello E, Kestler G, Käsmann-Kellner B, Bischoff M, Hager T, et al. PONV after strabismus surgery: Risk adapted prophylaxis,2016 Jul;65(7):507-13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-016-0183-2

Kristin N, Schonfeld CL, Bechmann M, Bengisu M, Ludwig k, Scheider A, et al. Vitreoretinal surgery: pre-emptive analgesia. Br J Ophthamol 2001; 85:1328-31 https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.85.11.1328

Chhabra A, Pandey R, Khandelwal M, Subramaniam R, Gupta S. Anesthetic techniques and postoperative emesis in pediatric strabismus surgery. Reg Anesthesia Pain Med 2005; 30(1):43-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rapm.2004.08.023

Coté CJ, Lerman J, and Anderson BJ. A Practice of Anesthesia for Infants and Children 2018; 34:790:810.

https://www.worldcat.org/title/A-practice-of-anesthesia-for-infants-and-children/oclc/225874385

Ghali B, Ram J, Makkar JK, Wig J, Kaushik S. Subtenon block compared to intravenous fentanyl for perioperative analgesia in pediatric cataract surgery 2009; 108 (4):1132-8. https://doi.org/10.1213/ane.0b013e318198a3fd

Parulekar MV, Berg S, Elston JS. Adjunctive peribulbar anesthesia for paediatric ophthalmic surgery: are the risks justified? Paediatric Anaesth 2002; 12:85-6. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.0787a.x

Forrester JV, Dick AD, McMenamin PG, Roberts F, Pearlman E. The Eye: Basic Sciences in Practice Fourth Edition2016; 1:1:60.

https://doi.org/10.1016/C2012-0-07682-X

Jennings D, Chernega J. Emergency Guide for Dental Auxiliaries 2012; 2:23-233. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2012-0-07682-X

Geyer H, Kaufman DM, Milstein MJ, Kaufman's Clinical Neurology for Psychiatrists 2016; 315:688. https://www.asia.elsevierhealth.com/kaufmans-clinical-neurology-for-psychiatrists-e-book-9780323461313.html

Bissonnette B, Lockman JL and Easley RB. Pediatric Anesthesia Basic Principles-State of the Art-Future, Emergence and Postoperative Care 2011; 58:924:939 https://books.google.iq/books/about/Pediatric_Anesthesia.html?id=RYe4GBD6LrQC&redir_esc=y

Gupta N, Kumar R, Kumar S, Sehgal R, Sharma KR. Prospective randomized double-blind study to evaluate the effect of peribulbar block or topical application of local anaesthesia combined with general anaesthesia on intra-operative and postoperative complication during pediatric strabismus surgery. Anaesthesia 2007; 62:1110-3.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2007.05220.x

Ripart J, Lefrant JY, L'Hermite JI, Borzli F, Nouvellon E, Fabbro-Peray P, et al. Caruncle single injection episcleral (sub-tenon) anesthesia for cataract surgery: mepivacaine versus a lidocaine-bupivacaine mixture. Anesth Analg 2000; 91:107-9.

https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-200007000-00020

Shende D, Sadhasivam S, Madan R. Effect of peribulbar bupivacaine as an adjuvant to general anesthesia on postoperative outcome following retinal detachment surgery. Anesthesia 2000; 55:970-5. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01535.x

Dehghani A, Montazeri K, Masjedi A, Karbasi N, Ashrafi L, Saeedian et al. Adjunctive Local Application of Lidocaine during Scleral Buckling under General Anesthesia 2011;177:181.

https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511852114.026

Shalini G, Chakrapani K, Harsha N, Karanam S, Nambula S. Occurrence of Oculo-cardiac Reflex During Strabismus SurgeryVol. 30, No. 1, July-September 2019; 28:31. https://doi.org/10.7869/djo.474

Gilani MT, Sharifi M, Najafi MN, Mashhadi MGE. Oculo-cardiac reflex during strabismus surgery. Reviews in. Clinical Medicine. 2016; 3:4-7. https://doi.org/10.17463/RCM.2016.01.002

Ha SG, Huh J, Lee BR, Kim SH. Surgical factors affecting oculo-cardiac reflex during strabismus surgery, 2018; 18:103:1-5.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-018-0771-9

Chhabra A, Sinha R, Subramaniam R, Chandra P, Narang D, Garg SP, et al. Comparison of sub-Tenon's block with i.v. fentanyl for paediatric vitreoretinal surgery. Br J Anesthesia 2009; 103(5):739-43. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aep230

Ghali AM, Hafez A. Single-injection percutaneous peribulbar anaesthesia with a short needle as an alternative to the double injection technique for cataract extraction. Anesth Analg 2010; 110(1):245-7.

https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0b013e3181c293bd

Elgohary MM, Sherif H. Single-injection peribulbar block combined with general anesthesia in children undergoing ophthalmic surgery. Egyptain J Anaesthesia 2011; 77-82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egja.2011.02.003

Morel J, Pascal J, Charier D, De Pasquale V, Gain P, Auboyer C, et al. Preoperative peribulbar block in patients undergoing retinal detachment surgery under general anesthesia: a randomized double-blind study. Anesthesia Analgesia 2006; 102:1082-7.

https://doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000198638.93784.42

Moghaddam AAS. Assessment of the Rate of Nausea, Vomiting, and Pain in Patients with Strabismus Anaesthetised with Propofol.Volume 7, Number 2, 2005; 30:32. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24221672

_Assessment_of_the_Rate_of_Nausea_Vomiting_and_Pain_in_Patients_with_Strabismus_Anaesthetised_with_Propofol

Ghali AM, El Btarny AM. The effect on outcome of peribulbar anaesthesia in conjunction with general anesthesia for vitreoretinal surgery. Anaesthesia 2010; 65:249-53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2009.06191.x

Salman IA. Effects of halothane and isoflurane on uterine muscle relaxation during caesarian section. JFacMedBagdad [Internet]. 2013 Jan. 2 [cited 2023 Jan. 23]; 54(4):314-6. https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.544692

Salman IA, Kanaan SA. Comparison between the effect of propofol (TIVA) and inhalational anesthesia (halothane)on early postoperative nausea and vomiting. JFacMedBagdad [Internet]. 2013 Jul. 1 [cited 2023 Jan. 23]; 55(2):111-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.552637