The Significance of Albumin Concentration and Some of Its Altered Forms in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbaghdad.6632276Keywords:
Albumin concentration, Chronic hepatitis B Virus, Ischemia modified albumin;, Ischemia modified albumin ratioAbstract
Background: The liver synthesizes albumin, a pivotal protein that accounts for approximately 60-65% of total plasma proteins. During ischemic attacks linked to oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species, and acidosis, albumin’s properties undergo alterations. This leads to the generation of ischemia-modified albumin, characterized by a diminished metal-binding capacity, particularly for transition metals like copper, nickel, and cobalt.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess the significance of serum albumin and ischemia-modified albumin concentrations in Iraqi individuals with hepatitis B virus
Methods: A case-control study, including 50 patients with hepatitis B recruited from a Gastroenterology hospital in the Medical City/ Baghdad/ Iraq, was conducted from January to February 2023. The patients' group included males and females, ages 18 to 77 years, with a mean value of 44 years. Meanwhile, the study group consisted of 50 sex-matched normal healthy individuals. Albumin concentration was determined in the serum samples using a Biosystems kit, and ischemia-modified albumin concentration was measured through the albumin cobalt binding test. The ischemia-modified albumin/ [albumin] ratio and ischemia-modified albumin index were then calculated.
Results: lower serum albumin concentration was measured in the patients' group, while the mean value of ischemia-modified albumin concentration in the patients' group and healthy control were 0.466 ± 0.114 absorbance unit & 0.395 ± 0.070 absorbance unit, respectively, with a statistically significant increase (P < 0.001). The ischemia-modified albumin ratio in the hepatitis B patients and control groups was 0.172 ± 0.073 and 0.117 ± 0.050, respectively, showing a significant increase (P < 0.001). Additionally, the ischemia-modified albumin index in the patients and the control groups were 0.491 ± 0.167 & 0.390 ± 0.131, respectively, with a statically significant increase (p<0.001) in the patients group.
Conclusion: In the patients' group with hepatitis B, serum albumin concentration decreased, while the levels of ischemia-modified albumin, ischemia-modified albumin ratio, and ischemia-modified albumin index increased. The elevation in ischemia-modified albumin, ischemia-modified albumin ratio, and ischemia-modified albumin index was more prominent in younger patients and those with albumin concentrations less than 4g/dl. Moreover, the prevalence of hepatitis B is higher in men compared to women.
Received: Dec. 2023
Revised: June 2024
Accepted: Aug. 2024
Published: Dec. 2024
Downloads
References
1. Hammood A.J, W. A. Gharbi and S. A. Abdul Razzaq, "Estimation of Liver Enzymes in Patients Infected with Hepatitis B Virus in Baghdad Hospitals," Iraqi Journal of Biotechnology. 2022; 21(2): 1-8 https://doi.org/10.21931/RB/CSS/2023.08.02.82
2. Najaf HN, Kadhim DJ. Health-Related Quality of Life among a Sample of Chronic Hepatitis B Patients in AL-Najaf Province/Iraq. Iraqi Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences (P-ISSN 1683-3597 E-ISSN 2521-3512). 2020 Jun 21;29(1):33-40. https://doi.org/10.31351/vol29iss1pp33-40
3. Leowattana W, Leowattana P, Leowattana T. Quantitative hepatitis B core antibody and quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen: Novel viral biomarkers for chronic hepatitis B management. World Journal of Hepatology. 2024; 16(4): 550. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v16.i4.550
4. Ministry of Health Environment, "Annual Statistical Report," Baghdad, 2022.
5. Belinskaia DA, Voronina PA, Goncharov NV. Integrative Role of Albumin: Evolutionary, Biochemical and Pathophysiological Aspects. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology. 2021; 57: 1419-1448. https://doi.org/10.1134/S002209302106020X
6. Naldi M, Baldassarre M, Domenicali M, Bartolini M, Caraceni P. Structural and functional integrity of human serum albumin: Analytical approaches and clinical relevance in patients with liver cirrhosis. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2017; 144(10): 138-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2017.04.023.
7. Menon B, Ramalingam K, Krishna V. Study of Ischemia Modified Albumin as a Biomarker in Acute Ischaemic Stroke. Annals of Neurosciences. 2019; 25(4): 187-190. https://doi.org/10.1159/000488188.
8. Ahmed AM, Hasan HR. Study the Oxidative Stress Parameters in Serum and Saliva of the Workers AT the Heavy Fuel Oil Combustion Unite. International journal of health Sciences; 6(S6):8104-17. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS6.12226
9. Asia P, Sharma A, Ahirwar AK, Garg S, John JE, Gopal N. The study of ischemia modified albumin as an early biomarker of epilepsy in adolescent population: a cross-sectional study. Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation. 2020; 42(2): 183-187. https://doi.org/10.1515/hmbci-2020-0060
10. Al-Kaif LA, Al-Charrakh AH, Al-Saadi MA. Frequency distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in Iraqi patients. IJHSci. 2022;6(S9):2656-65. https://doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6nS9.13006
11. Ehlting C, Wolf SD, Bode JG. Acute-phase protein synthesis: a key feature of innate immune functions of the liver. Biological Chemistry. 2021; 402(9): 1129-1145. https://doi.org/10.1515/hsz-2021-0209
12. Şenol A, Türkoğlu S. The Importance of Ischemia Modified Albumin in Chronic Hepatitis B and C. Viral Hepatitis Journal. 2021; 27(2): 53-56. https://doi.org/10.4274/vhd.galenos.2021.2021-2-1
13. Jagiełło JZ, Warwas M, Simon MP. Ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) is increased in patients with chronic hepatitis C infection and related to markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Acta Biochimica Polonica. 2012; 59(4): 661-667.2012. https://doi.org/10.18388/abp.2012_2107
14. Shevtsova A, Gordiienko I, Tkachenko V, Ushakova G. Ischemia-Modified Albumin: Origins and Clinical Implications. Hindawi. 2021; 2021: 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9945424
15. Turedi S, Sahin A, Akca M, Demir S, Reis Kose GD, Cekic AB, et al. Ischemia-modified albumin and the IMA/albumin ratio in the diagnosis and staging of hemorrhagic shock: A randomized controlled experimental study. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2020; 26(2): 153-162. https://doi.org/10.14744/tjtes.2019.32754.
16. Hakligor A, Kosem A, Senes M, Yucel D. Effect of albumin concentration and serum matrix on ischemia-modified albumin. Clinical Biochemistry. 2010; 43(3): 345-348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.09.006.
17. Yavuz F, Biyik M, Asil M, Dertli R, Demir A, Polat H, et al. Serum ischemic modified albumin (IMA) concenration and IMA/albumin ration in patients with hepatitis B-related chronic liver diseases. Turkish Journal of Mediccal Science. 2017; 47: 947-953. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1611-66.
18. Abulude OA, Ahmed I, Sadisu FU. Assessment of Hepatitis B Viral Infection as a Predictor of Hepatic Enzymes and Compounds Alteration among Antenatal Patients. Med. Sci. 2017; 5(4): 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci5040024
19. Figueroa SM, Araos P, Reyes J, Gravez B, Barrera-Chimal J, Amador CA. Oxidized Albumin as a Mediator of Kidney Disease. Antioxidants. 2021; 10(3): 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030404.
20. Karakoyun I, Ulasoglu C, Arslan FD, Onur S, Iyilikci V, Basok BI, et al. Oxidative imbalance in autoimmune liver disease: evaluation of oxidant-antioxidant status and ischemia-modified albumin. SDU Medical Faculty Journal. 2021; 28(1): 127-135. https://doi.org/10.17343/sdutfd.738119.
21. M. Cakir, S. C. Karahan, A. Mentese, E. Sag, U. Cobanoglu, T. B. Polat and E. Erduran, "Ischemia-Modified Albumin Levels in Children with Chronic Liver Disease," National Library of Medicine, vol. 6, pp. 92-97, 2012. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl.2012.6.1.92
22. Chen X, Lin Y, Tian L, Wang Z. Correlation between ischemia-modified albumin level and coronary collateral circulation. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2020; 20(326): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-020-01543-9
23. Li S, Chen X, Yang H, Li H, Ren B. Value of IMA, IMAR, the IMA Index, and Other Hematological Features in Predicting AIS Caused by MCA Stenosis/Occlusion. Current Neurovascular Research. 2022; 19(2): 137 - 149. https://doi.org/10.2174/15672026196662205161451
24. Jalan R, Schnurr K, Mookerjee RP, Sen S, Cheshire L, Hodges S, et al. Alterations in the Functional Capacity of Albumin in Patients with Decompensated Cirrhosis Is Associated with Increased Mortality. Hepatology. 2009; 50(2): 555-564. .https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.22913
25. Zaccherini G, Bernardi M. The role and indications of albumin in advanced liver disease. Acta Gastro-Enterologica Belgica. 2019; 82(2): 301-308. https://www.ageb.be/ageb-journal/ageb-volume/ageb-article/144/
26. Hasan HR, Jabir RJ. Oxidative stress status, Nitric oxide and Peroxynitrite levels in sera and saliva of Iraqi smokers. RJPBCS. 2017;8(3) 1414. https://www.rjpbcs.com/pdf/2017_8(3)/[165.
27. Obienu O, Nwokediuko S, Malu A, Lesi OA. Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Transmission Obscure in Nigerian Patients. Gastroenterology Research and Practice. 2011; 2011: 1-4. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/939673.
28. Ullah N, Khan I, Kakakhel MA, Xi L, Bai Y, Kalra BS, et al. Serological prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in Mardan. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2021; 82(e245813): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.245813
29. Mohammed HI, Pennap GR, Oti VB, Adoga MP. Markers of hepatitis B virus infection in a subset of young people in central Nigeria. Scientific African. 2019; 5: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sciaf.2019.e00121.
30. Sulkowski MS, Agarwal K, Ma X, Nguyen TT, Schiff ER, Hann HWL, et al. Safety and efficacy of vebicorvir administered with entecavir in treatment-naïve patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Journal of Hepatology. 2022; 77(5): 1265-1275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2022.05.027.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Zahraa F. Alubaidy, Hathama R. Hassan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license..
