A  Comparative Study of Vitamin D Level and Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity in Relation to Oxidative Stress in Women with Osteoporosis

Husham A. Abdlkarem; Jwan A. Zainulabdeen

doi:10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6612255

Authors

Husham A. Abdlkarem Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.. https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7373-8112
Jwan A. Zainulabdeen Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6612255

Keywords:

Lactate dehydrogenase, Malondialdehyde, Osteoporosis, Oxidative stress, Vitamin D

Abstract

Background: Osteoporosis (OP) is a silent disease that affects the microarchitecture of the skeleton bones, leading to a drop in mineral levels and an increase in fracture rates. This condition is more common in women than men, especially postmenopausal women, due to decreased production of estrogen, a hormone that regulates bone formation and bone resorption. Oxidative stress is a known factor in the development of OP, resulting from an imbalance in the production of oxidants and antioxidants. Hip and arm fractures are particularly common in women with OP.

Objective: The study aimed to evaluate the activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and oxidative stress (OS) levels in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and varying levels of vitamin D, and to compare these groups based on the measured parameters.

Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted at the Baquba Teaching Hospital in Diyala, Iraq, from October 2022 to January 2023. The study involved 100 women whom were divided into two groups, 50 with normal vitamin D levels and 50 with abnormal vitamin D levels. The malondialdehyde (MDA) level was evaluated using the Satoh-modified approach.

Results: According to the statistical analysis conducted with the SPSS program, there was a significant difference (P<0.001) in Vitamin D levels between the groups (OP_{n. D}) and (OP_ab.D). Additionally, significant increases were observed in LDH activity (P<0.001) and MDA levels (P<0.05) for the group (OP_ab.D) in comparison to (OP_{n. D}).

Conclusion: The current study has indicated that women suffering from osteoporosis (OP) have higher levels of LDH and MDA. Additionally, there is an inverse correlation between vitamin D and these two variables; this correlation suggests that vitamin D may possess antioxidant properties that reduce the effects of oxidative stress (OS) in the body. Therefore, vitamin D may help in reducing LDH levels.

Graphical Abstract

Received: Oct. 2023

Accepted: Jan. 2023

Published: April.2024

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Husham A. Abdlkarem, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq..

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.
Jwan A. Zainulabdeen, Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

References

Akkawi I, Zmerly H. Osteoporosis: current concepts. Joints. 2018; 6(02):122-7. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1660790

Ghudhaib KK, Turaki KM, Muzal SA. Estimation of serum Osteocalcin levels in osteoporotic postmenopausal Iraqi women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Baghdad Sci. Jour. 2014;11(4). https://doi.org/10.21123/bsj.11.4.1549-1555.

Jameel MG, Hashim ZM, AL-Osami MH. Evaluation of IL17A, FGF21 and CXC12 in Post-menopause Iraqi Sample with Osteoporosis and Osteopenia. https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.12.2.45.

Gao Y, Patil S, Jia J. The development of molecular biology of osteoporosis. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021; 22(15):8182. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158182.

Sözen T, Özışık L, Başaran NÇ. An overview and management of osteoporosis. European journal of rheumatology. 2017; 4(1):46. https://doi.org/10.5152/eurjrheum.2016.048.

Wright NC, Looker AC, Saag KG, Curtis JR, Delzell ES, Randall S, et al. The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass in the United States based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine. Journal of bone and mineral research. 2014; 29(11):2520-6. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbmr.2269.

Pop TL, Sîrbe C, Benţa G, Mititelu A, Grama A. The role of vitamin d and vitamin d binding protein in chronic liver diseases. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022; 23(18):10705. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231810705.

Kiernan J, Davies JE, Stanford WL. Concise review: musculoskeletal stem cells to treat age-related osteoporosis. Stem Cells Translational Medicine. 2017 1;6(10):1930-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/sctm.17-0054.

Brenneman SK, Barrett‐Connor E, Sajjan S, Markson LE, Siris ES. Impact of recent fracture on health‐related quality of life in postmenopausal women. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2006; 21(6):809-16. https://doi.org/10.1359/jbmr.060301

Majeed KG, Thanon HA, Dhannoon BI, Fathi HB. The Comparison of the Total Body Mass between Pre and Postmenopausal Women in Mosul City. Iraqi Journal of Science. 2019:1197-205. https://doi.org/10.24996/ijs.2019.60.6.3

De Martinis M, Allegra A, Sirufo MM, Tonacci A, Pioggia G, Raggiunti M, et al. Vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis and effect on autoimmune diseases and hematopoiesis: a review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2021;22(16):8855. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22168855.

Untari U, Anjani G, Fulyani F, Pramono A, Mahati E, Putri SR, et al. The Effect of Liprotide-Encapsulated Vitamin D3 on MDA and SOD in Rats Deficient Vitamin D and Calcium. 2023. 2023:6. https://doi.org/10.14710/jbtr.v9i1.16289

Burtis CA, Bruns DE. Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics-E-Book: Tietz Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics-E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2014 26. https://books.google.iq/books/about/Tietz_Fundamentals_of_Clinical_Chemistry.html?id=p7XwAwAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y

Stojanović E, Jakovljević V, Scanlan AT, Dalbo VJ, Radovanović D. Vitamin D3 supplementation reduces serum markers of bone resorption and muscle damage in female basketball players with vitamin D inadequacy. European Journal of Sport Science. 2022; 22 (10): 1532-42. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2021.1953153

Chan PC, Bielski H. Enzyme-catalyzed free radical reactions with nicotinamide adenine nucleotides: II. Lactate dehydrogenase-catalyzed oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by superoxide radicals generated by xanthine oxidase. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1974;249(4):1317-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9258(19)42978-5

Ha CE, Bhagavan N. Essentials of medical biochemistry: with clinical cases: Academic Press; 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-095461-2.00034-5.

Klein R, Nagy O, Tóthová C, Chovanová F. Clinical and diagnostic significance of lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes in animals. Veterinary medicine international. 2020. doi.org/10.1155/2020/5346483

Shibata S, Sogabe S, Miwa M, Fujimoto T, Takakura N, Naotsuka A, et al. Identification of the first highly selective inhibitor of human lactate dehydrogenase B. Scientific reports. 2021;11(1):1-12. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-00820-7

Gao Y, Patil S, Jia J. The development of molecular biology of osteoporosis. International journal of molecular sciences. 2021;22(15):8182. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158182

Hunter M, Nlemadim B, Davidson D. Lipid peroxidation products and antioxidant proteins in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid from multiple sclerosis patients. Neurochemical research. 1985; 10: 1645-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00988606

Man PW, Van Der Meer I, Lips P, Middelkoop BJ. Vitamin D status and bone mineral density in the Chinese population: a review. Archives of Osteoporosis. 2016; 11: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11657-016-0265-4.

Valvona CJ, Fillmore HL, Nunn PB, Pilkington GJ. The regulation and function of lactate dehydrogenase a: therapeutic potential in brain tumor. Brain pathology. 2016; 26(1):3-17. https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12299

Sies H. Oxidative stress: Concept and some practical aspects. Antioxidants. 2020; 9(9):852. https://doi.org/10.1111/bpa.12299.

Mooli RGR, Mukhi D, Ramakrishnan SK. Oxidative Stress and Redox Signaling in the Pathophysiology of Liver Diseases. Comprehensive Physiology. 2011; 12(2):3167-92. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c200021

Dzik KP, Kaczor JJ. Mechanisms of vitamin D on skeletal muscle function: oxidative stress, energy metabolism and anabolic state. European journal of applied physiology. 2019;119:825-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-019-04104-x

Atanasovska E, Petrusevska M, Zendelovska D, Spasovska K, Stevanovikj M, Kasapinova K, et al. Vitamin D levels and oxidative stress markers in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Redox report. 2021; 26(1):184-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/13510002.2021.1999126

Głogowska-Szeląg J, Bełz A, Kajdaniuk D, Kos-Kudła B, Marek B, Nowak M, et al. Relationship Between Body Mass Index-BMI and Vitamin D Concentrations in Women with Postmenopausal Osteoporosis. Current Women's Health Reviews. 2021; 17 (4): 316- 20. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573404817666210105150707

Kwon OC, Oh JS, Park M-C, Kim Y-G. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on bone mineral density in rheumatoid arthritis patients with osteoporosis. Frontiers in Medicine. 2020; 7:443. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.00443

Wimalawansa SJ. Vitamin D deficiency: effects on oxidative stress, epigenetics, gene regulation, and aging. Biology. 2019; 8(2):30. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology8020030

Wiseman H. Vitamin D is a membrane antioxidant Ability to inhibit iron‐dependent lipid peroxidation in liposomes compared to cholesterol, ergosterol and tamoxifen and relevance to anticancer action. FEBS letters. 1993; 326(1-3):285-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(93)81809-e

Cojic M, Kocic R, Klisic A, Kocic G. The effects of vitamin D supplementation on metabolic and oxidative stress markers in patients with type 2 diabetes: A 6-month follow up randomized controlled study. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2021:1012. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.610893

Saif-Elnasr M, Ibrahim IM, Alkady MM. Role of Vitamin D on glycemic control and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Res Med Sci. 2017 Feb 16;22:22. https://doi.org/10.4103/1735-1995.200278.

Zainulabdeen JA, Naser HG. Evaluation of serum xanthine oxidoreductases enzymes in cholelithiasis patients: correlation with molybdenum and iron. Advances in Environmental Biology. 2016; 10(7):12-7https://10.13140/RG.2.2.12893.84966

Shaker HA, Zainulabdeen JA, Alkhalidi NM. Evaluation of Some Oxidative Stress Parameters in Iraqi Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Journal of Global Pharma Technology. 2009;11(07). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/358878419_Journal_of_Global_Pharma_Technology_Evaluation_of_Some_Oxidative_Stress_Parameters_in_Iraqi_Patients_with_Inflammatory_Bowel_Disease

Abdlkarem HA, Zainulabdeen JA. Evaluation of lactate dehydrogenase activity and oxidative status in Iraqi women with osteoporosis. Journal of Biomechanical Science and Engineering 2023, 207, https://doi:10.17605/OSF.IO/TF3C4

Al-Shammaree SA, Hasan HR, Mathekoor TH. Serum lipid peroxidation and trace elements levels in ovarian cancer patients before and after cisplatin and doxorubicin chemotherapy. Journal of College of Education. 2011; 5: 119-136. https://www.iasj.net/iasj/article/40518

Naama N, Zainulabdeen J. Evaluation of oxidative status with xanthine oxidoreductase activities in postmenopausal Iraqi osteoporosis women. Eurasian Chemical Communications 2022, 4, 1295-1305. https://doi.org10.22034/ecc.2022.350996.1503

Qi SS, Shao ML, Sun Z, Chen SM, Hu YJ, Wang HT, et al. Lycopene ameliorates diabetic osteoporosis via anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidation, and increasing Osteoprotegerin/ RANKL expression ratio. Journal of Functional Foods. 2021;83:104539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2021.104539

Ke C-Y, Yang F-L, Wu W-T, Chung C-H, Lee R-P, Yang W-T, et al. Vitamin D3 reduces tissue damage and oxidative stress caused by exhaustive exercise. International Jour Med Sci. 2016; 13(2):147. https://doi.org/10.7150/ijms.13746.