The Role of Arginase and some Parameters in Diabetic Type 2 Patients with and without Retinopathy

Maha F. Yassen; Fayhaa. M. Khaleel

doi:10.32007/jfacmedbaghdad.6632283

Authors

Maha F. Yassen Department of Chemistry, College of Science for women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4363-5065
Fayhaa. M. Khaleel Department of Chemistry, College of Science for women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9951-2086

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbaghdad.6632283

Keywords:

Arginase1, Diabetic Retinopathy, Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, Oxidative Stress, Lipid Profile

Abstract

Background: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus by damaging cellular organelles and enzymes in blood such as arginase1, insulin and glutathione s-transferase; increasing lipid peroxidation such as malondialdehyde and increasing insulin resistance which can lead to diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy.

Objectives: To explore the relationship of oxidative stress to the development of diabetic retinopathy by measuring the levels of Arginase1, the activity of glutathione s-transferase enzyme, and the levels of malondialdehyde as a secondary product of lipid peroxidation (biomarker for oxidative stress).

Patients and MethodsThis study was conducted from November 2022 to January 2023 at the Ibn Al-Haitham Teaching Eye Hospital in Baghdad, the University of Baghdad / Department of Chemistry and the National Diabetes Centre for Treatment and Research at Al-Mustansyrriah University. This study was conducted on 120 subjects distributed as follows: 40 non-diabetic obese controls, 40 type 2 diabetics with no retinopathy, and 40 type 2 diabetic retinopathy patients, between 30 and 65 years of age. All groups were subjected to tests: measuring fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL- cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, and VLDL cholesterol), serum total arginase1, malondialdehyde glutathione s -transferase, body mass index (BMI), and waist-to-hip ratio.

Results: Mean arginase1 levels were significantly higher in diabetic patients than in diabetic retinopathy and control groups (p ≤ 0.05). The mean xidative stress marker malondialdehyde concentration was significantly higher in diabetic retinopathy patients than in type 2 diabetics and the control group (P ≤ 0.05). The mean glutathione s-transferase activity in diabetic retinopathy patients was significantly higher than in the control group and type 2 diabetics (P ≤ 0.05).

Conclusion: There is a relationship between oxidative stress and the development of diabetic retinopathy, where the levels of arginase1 and malondialdehyde increased and the activity of glutathione s –transferase enzyme increased as a result of oxidative stress and inflammation associated with complications of type 2 diabetes.

Received: Dec. 2023

Revised: May. 2024

Accepted: July. 2024

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Author Biographies

Maha F. Yassen, Department of Chemistry, College of Science for women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Department of Chemistry, College of Science for women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Fayhaa. M. Khaleel, Department of Chemistry, College of Science for women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Department of Chemistry, College of Science for women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

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