Dental Occlusion as A Health Risk for Visual Acuity in Relation to Salivary Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 ( TGF-Β1) Among Students Aged 8-10 Years
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32007/jfacmedbagdad.6622213Keywords:
Dental occlusion, health risk; , visual acuity; , TGF-β1; , visual impairment.Abstract
Background: Correct mouth function is one of the functional matrices that contribute to the growth of the maxilla, which is connected to the growth of orbit, and vice versa.
Objective: to ascertain how dental malocclusion affects the visual acuity-related salivary transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1).
Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 653 students, 8–10 years of age from elementary schools in the governorate of Al-Diwaniyah during the period from 1st of November 2022 to 30th March 2023. Using the Snellen E chart and Angle's classification to identify malocclusion, they were subjected to visual-capacity testing for refractive disorders. Sub-samples were selected from the normal and visually impaired groups for salivary transforming growth factor beta-1 salivary analysis measurement.
Results: Only 70 out of 653 students were found to have reduced visual acuity. When compared to students with normal visual acuity, they had significantly higher levels of salivary transforming growth factor beta-1. Those with reduced visual acuity were found to have a much higher occurrence of dental malocclusion utilizing molar's relation of Angle's categorization.
Conclusion: The students with impaired visual acuity were more likely to have dental malocclusions and increased levels of TGF-β1.
Downloads
References
Abdulameer AJ, Alfadhul SAL, Hameed HG, Kareem AA. Prevalence and possible attributes of decreased visual acuity among primary schoolchildren in Kufa City, Al-Najaf Governorate. Medical Journal of Babylon. 2018;15(1):58. 10.4103/MJBL.MJBL_15_18.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323860086
Jabber WM, Diab BS. The Impact of Prenatal Nutritional Status on Occlusion of Primary Teeth among Kindergarten Children in Al-Kut City/Wassit. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2020;14(1). DOI: https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v14i1.114
Kadhum AS, Al-Groosh DH, Aldabagh DJ, Alhuwaizi AF. Evaluation of Selection Criteria for Patients Indicated for Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Treatment. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2020;13(1):301-5.https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340539922
Grippaudo C, Valerio P, Romeo C, Fiasca F, Quinzi V. Bite and sight: is there a correlation? Clinical association between dental malocclusion and visual disturbances in pediatric patients. Applied Sciences. 2020;10(17):5913. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10175913
Haryuni RF, Suharsini M, Budiardjo SB, Widyagarini A. Salivary flow rate, pH, viscosity, and buffering capacity in visually impaired children. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2018;11(1):116-9. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325111532
Saika S. TGFβ pathobiology in the eye. Laboratory investigation. 2006;86(2):106-15. DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.37003757) Zhang J, Jiao K, Zhang M, Zhou T, Liu XD, Yu SB, Lu L, Jing L, Yang T, Zhang Y, Chen D, Wang MQ. Occlusal effects on longitudinal bone alterations of the temporomandibular joint. J Dent Res. 2013 Mar;92(3):253-9. doi: 10.1177/0022034512473482. Epub 2013 Jan 22. PMID: 23340211; PMCID: PMC6728563.
Wu M, Lin X, Gu Z, Xu T, Liu L, Zhou Y. Mandibular lateral shift induces the increased expression of TGF-β, VEGF, and Col-II in the condyle of rat temporomandibular joints. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012 Nov;114(5 Suppl):S167-73. doi: 10.1016/j.oooo.2011.11.024. Epub 2012 May 12. PMID: 23063394.
Hameed MM, Rasheed AM, Hameed FM. Possible role of Spironolactone in a sample of Iraqi patients with acute central serous chorioretinopathy: Spironolactone in acute CSR. Al-Kindy College Medical Journal. 2022;18(1):60-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47723/kcmj.v18i1.668
Ubajaka CF, Ebenebe UE, Nwankwo LO, Egenti NB, Adogu PO, Ejiofor B. Visual Acuity Status amongst Secondary School Students in South East, Nigeria. American journal of medicine and medical sciences. 2016;6(5):152-9. doi:10.5923/j.ajmms.20160605.02
doi:10.5923/j.ajmms.20160605.02
O'Donoghue L, Rudnicka AR, McClelland JF, Logan NS, Saunders KJ. Visual acuity measures do not reliably detect childhood refractive error-an epidemiological study. PloS one. 2012;7(3):e34441. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034441
Angle EH. Classification of malocclusion. Dent Cosmos. 1899;41:350-7. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/dencos/acf8385.0041.001/267:56?page=root;size=100;view=pdf
Navazesh M, Kumar SK. Measuring salivary flow: challenges and opportunities. The Journal of the American Dental Association. 2008;139:35S-40S. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0353
Ahmad MA, Yaseen ZA, SHAKIR NF. Prevalence of refractive errors and other ocular disorders among students of the primary schools in urban of the Erbil city. Polytechnic Journal. 2017;7(3). DOI:10.25156/ptj.2017.7.3.
Al Wadaani FA, Amin TT, Ali A, Khan AR. Prevalence and pattern of refractive errors among primary school children in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Global journal of health science.2013;5(1):125. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v5n1p125
Aldebasi YH. Prevalence of correctable visual impairment in primary school children in Qassim Province, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Optometry. 2014;7(3):168-76. DOI: 10.1016/j.optom.2014.02.001
Al Nuaimi AA, Salama RE, Eljack IE. Study of refractive errors among school children Doha. World Fam Med J. 2010;8. https://www.pafmj.org/index.php/PAFMJ/article/download/3426/2401/
Naidoo KS, Raghunandan A, Mashige KP, Govender P, Holden BA, Pokharel GP, et al. Refractive error and visual impairment in African children in South Africa. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. 2003;44(9):3764-70. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.03-0283
Fotouhi A, Hashemi H, Khabazkhoob M, Mohammad K. The prevalence of refractive errors among schoolchildren in Dezful, Iran. British journal of ophthalmology. 2007;91(3):287-92. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2006.099937
Hashim S-E, Tan H-K, Wan-Hazabbah W, Ibrahim M. Prevalence of refractive error in Malay primary school children in suburban area of Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia. Annals Academy of Medicine Singapore. 2008;37(11):940. DOI:10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.V37N11p940
Pokharel A, Pokharel P, Das H, Adhikari S. The patterns of refractive errors among the school children of rural and urban settings in Nepal. Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology. 2010;2(2):114-20. DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v2i2.3717
Chia E, Mitchell P, Rochtchina E, Foran S, Wang J. Unilateral visual impairment and health related quality of life: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. British journal of ophthalmology. 2003;87(4):392-5. doi: 10.1136/bjo.87.4.392
Ali MA, Yassir YA. Mandibular Clinical Arch Forms in Iraqi Population: A National Survey. Diagnostics. 2022;12(10):2352. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12102352
Ameer SAA, Alhuwaizi AF, Saloom HF. Effect of Orthodontic Force on Salivary Levels of Lactate Dehydrogenase Enzyme. Indian Journal of Public Health.2019;10(10):2729.https://jbcd.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jbcd/article/view/970
Al-Tamimi HK, Al-Rawi NA. Effect of ageing on selected salivary chemical compositions and dental caries experience among group of adults. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry. 2019;31(3):1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v31i3.2692
Al-Moosawi RIK, Qasim AA. The impact of dental environment stress on dentition status, salivary nitric oxide and flow rate. Journal of International Society of Preventive & Community Dentistry. 2020;10(2):163.doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_427_19
Al-Bazaz NA, Radhi NJM. Depression status in relation to dental caries and salivary C-Reactive Protein among 17 years old secondary school female in Baghdad City/Iraq. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry. 2021;33(1):6-11.https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v33i1.2921
https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v33i1.2921
Abdulrazak MS, Qasim AA, Falih AI. Tooth wear in relation to physical salivary character-istics among gastroesophageal reflux disease. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry. 2023;35(2):1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v35i2.3392
Awn BH. Salivary protein carbonyl and selected antioxidants in relation to dental caries among pregnant women. Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry. 2023;35(1):27-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v35i1.3312
Wahl SM, Swisher J, McCartney-Francis N, Chen W. TGF-β: the perpetrator of immune suppression by regulatory T cells and suicidal T cells. Journal of leukocyte biology. 2004;76(1):15-24. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.1103539
Al-Rubaie MS. Assessment of transforming growth factor beta one (TGF-β1) immunohistochemical (IHC) expression profile in the gingival tissue of patients with different forms of periodontal diseases. Journal of Baghdad college of dentistry. 2021;25(1):96-101.https://jbcd.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/jbcd/article/view/206
Gong Y, Lu J, Ding X. Clinical, microbiologic, and immunologic factors of orthodontic treatment-induced gingival enlargement. American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. 2011;140(1):58-64.DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.02.033
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Noor A. Ajeel Alrikabi, Ban S. Diab
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
For all articles published in Journal of the Faculty of Medicine Baghdad, copyright is retained by the authors. Articles are licensed under an open access Creative Commons CC BY NC 4.0 license, meaning that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. These conditions allow for maximum use and exposure of the work, while ensuring that the authors receive proper rights.
How to Cite
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license..
